1) What is an operating system?
®An operating system is a collection of system software that together controls the operation of a computer system.
2) What is MS-DOS?
®MS-DOS is a single user/single tasking operating system which was developed by Microsoft Company in the USA.
3) What are the functions of operating system?
®The functions of operating system are:
· Memory management
· File management
· Process management
· Command interpretation
· Security
· User Interface
4) What is booting?
®Booting is the process of loading MS-DOS system files loading into the computer memory.
5) What are the system files of MS-DOS?
®The system files of MS-DOS are:
· MS-DOS.SYS
· COMMAND.COM
· IO.SYS
6) Difference between external command and internal command.
®The difference between internal and external command are:
External command
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Internal command
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It is the command stored in the disk as individual program files.
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It is the command which is the part of the COMMAND.COM file of MS-DOS.
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These commands are loaded to the computer's memory.
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These commands are loaded to the computer memory at the time of booting.
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Eg: CHDSK,DISKCOPY,TREE,FORMAT etc.
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Eg:CLS,DIR,COPY,DEL etc.
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7) What is file?
®File is a collection of related information stored on a disk.
8) What is a directory?
®Directory is a table of content of a disk which is used to organize the file on the disks that makes it easy to handle files in the computer.
9) What is a sub-directory?
®Sub directory is a directory created inside another disk.
10) What is a disk drive?
®Disk drive is an electro-mechanical device that reads from and writes to disks.
11) What is the role of AUTOEXEC.BAT?
®The role of AUTOEXEC.BAT is to set the characteristics of devices, customize the information that MS-DOS displays, starts the application program.
12) What is the role of CONFIG.SYS file?
®The role of CONFIG.SYS file is to configure the hardware and reserve space in the memory for information processing the file which contains the command to configure the computer system.
13) What is recycle bin?
®Recycle bin is a special folder which temporarily holds the items that is deleted.
14) Write the functions of the following MS-DOS command.
a) C:\> DATE
®It displays the current system date and allows us to change if necessary.
b)C:\>TIME 1:30p
®It sets the current system time to 1:30 pm.
c) C:\>DIR A:\SCHOOL\A*.BAS
®It displays all files whose first name starts with A having extension BAS of subdirectory school of A drive from C drive.
d) C:\>DEL B???.TXT
®It deletes all the files whose first letter starts with B followed by 3 characters having extension txt of C drive.
e) C:\>REN C:\CLASS\FIRST.TXT SECOND.TXT
®It renames the files first.txt to new file name second.txt of subdirectory class of C drive.
f) C:\>VOL B:
®It displays the volume label of B drive.
g) C:\>PROMPT $P$D$G of subdirectory
®It displays the prompt as C:\Mon 08/31/2015>
h) C:\>VER
®It displays the current DOS version of computer.
i) C:\>MOM\DAD\SON>CD\
®It changes to the root directory of C drive.
j) C:\>COPY CON B:\TEST.TXT
®It creates a new file test.txt on B drive from C drive.
k) C:\>TYPE B:\SCHOOL\TEST.TXT
®It displays the content of the file TEST.TXT of subdirectory SCHOOL of B drive from C drive.
l) C:\>MD B:\MOM\SON
®It creates the subdirectory son under subdirectory MOM of B drive from C drive.
m) C:\>COPY A:\.*BAS C:\SCHOOL\CLASS 10
®It copies all the files having extension BAS of A drive to subdirectory SCHOOL of C drive from C drive.
n) C:\>DIR *.BAS/O-N
®It displays all the files having extension BAS in descending order.
o) A:\>DIR C:\A*.BAS/S
®It displays all the files whose first letter starts with A having extension BAS including subdirectories of C drive from A drive.
p) C:\>DIR *.*/AD
®It displays only subdirectories of C drive.
q) C:\>PROMPT BIDHAN
®It displays the prompt as BIDHAN.
r) C:\>PROMPT $P$G
®It displays the prompt as C:\>.
15) Write down the commands to perform the following tasks.
a) To create a text file names DAD.TXT under C drive.
®C:\>COPY CON DAD.TXT
b) To display the contents of DAD.TXT file of C drive.
®C:\>TYPE DAD.TXT
c) To merge the contents of "Test1.txt" and "Test2.txt" to "Merged.Txt"
®C:\>COPY test1.txt+test2.txt merged.txt
d) To create a subdirectory "Word" under "School" directory of C drive.
®C:\>MD C:\SCHOOL\WORD
e) To delete all files having extension "BAT" from the root directory of C: drive.
®C:\>DEL *.BAT
f) To display all files of each subdirectories of C: drive.
®C:\>DIR/S
g) To copy all the files where the file name starts with "A" to the B: drive.
®C:\>COPY a*.*b:
h) To change the systems prompt of your computer.
®C:\>PROMPT $P$T$G
i) To display the MS DOS version of your computer.
®C:\>VER
16) What is HTML?
®HTML is a language which is used to prepare web pages, which are used in Internet to exchange data and information.
17) What is web browser? Give any two example of web browser.
®Web browser is an application program that is stored in user's computer which is used to view the information of the webpage.
The 2 example of browser are:
1) Microsoft Internet Explorer
2) Netscape Navigator
18) How many levels of heading tags are there in HTML?
®There are 6 levels of heading tags.
19) What is the full form of URL.
®The full form of URL is Uniform Resource Locator.
20) Define upload and download.
®Upload:
It means to copy data or files to the server from local computer.
Download:
It means to copy data or files to the local computer from server.
21) What are tags?
®Tags are instructions that give signals to a browser.
22) Who developed HTML?
®Tim-Berners Lee developed HTML.
23) What is the function of the following tags?
®a) Title: It is used to type the HTML document which is display on Title Bar.
b) Body: IT is used for main body of HTML document.
c) Table: It inserts table in the HTML document.
d) A: It creates links between different or within the same document.
e) Hr: It is used to draw a horizontal line which helps to divide the text into logical sections.
f) Br: It is used to break the line.
g) P: It is used to break the paragraph.
h) Font: It is used to change the font faces, sizes and color of text.
24) Write the structure of HTML document.
®<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> TEXT FOR TITLE</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
TEXT AND OTHER TAGS
</BODY>
</HTML>
25) Which tag provides scrolling text?
®Marquee tag provides scrolling text.
26) What is utility software?
®Utility software is software which performs day to day task related to the maintenance of computer system.
27) What is a program?
®Program is a set of instructions written in a computer language to perform a specified task.
28) What is a tailored program? Give examples.
®Tailored program is a specialized set of programs which performs a specific task for the specific individual or organization.
Its examples are:
1) SLC result processing software
2) Telephone bill processing software
29) What is packaged program? Give examples.
®Packaged program is a generalized set of programs, which performs specific task for varieties of users. Example: MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-Access.
30) What is a computer?
®Computer is an electronic machine which automatically store and accept input data, process them and produce output results by interpreting and executing the programmed instructions.
31) What is e-government?
®E-government is the use of internet technology as a platform for exchanging information from the government to the general public and other sectors of government.
32) What is a source program?
®A program which is ready to be translate into machine language is called source program.
33) What is object program?
®A program which is obtained after converting into machine language is called object program.
34) Write the full form of:
®NITDC: National Information Technology Development Council
NITC: National Information technology Council
NITCC: National Information Technology Co-ordination Committee
GUI: Graphical User Interface
IT: Information Technology
ATM: Automated Teller Machine
CAE: Computer Aided Education
CBT: Computer Based Training
E-mail: Electronic mail
35) What is information policy?
®Information Policy is the set of all public laws, regulations and policies that encourage, discourage, or regulate the creation, use storage, access and communication and dissemination of information.
36)" Information Technology boots the economic condition of a country." Explain in your own words.
®IT boots the economic condition of a country. Due to the widespread of IT, the norms and values will develop which will develop the financial status of a country. The living status of people will grow and they will also become aware and untimely it will help to alleviate poverty.
37) Write the 3 objectives of IT policy of Nepal 2057.
®The 3 objectives of IT policy of Nepal 2057 are:
1) To build knowledge based society.
2) To establish knowledge based industry.
3) To make information technology accessible to general public and increase employment through this means.
38 .Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.
®The difference between compiler and interpreter are:
Interpreter
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Compiler
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It is used to translate a program written in the high level language to the machine codes each statement at a time.
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It is also used to translate the program written in the high level language to the machine codes whole program at a time.
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It displays each error at a time, so debugging becomes easier.
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It displays all errors at a time. So, debugging becomes complex.
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39) List any 3 harmful and beneficial effects of computers in society.
®The 3 harmful effects of computers in society are:
1) If a data stored in a computer is lost then the person responsible for handling the data has to tolerate a lot.
2) People don't use their mind for the common arithmetic which results to the lose of their numeric ability.
3) People who don't have the knowledge of computer are considered as a second class citizen.
The 3 beneficial effects of computers in society are:
1) An individual becomes more competent to take a decision because all the information required to take the decision is provide by the computer on time.
2) A person working in a managerial level becomes less dependent to the low level staffs like clerks and accountants.
3) Computer has created new fields of employment.
40) What is email? Write 3 advantages of it.
®Email is a service on the Internet, which allows an Internet user to send mail to another Internet user in any part of the world.
41) Explain the use of computer in education and communication.
®The use of computer in education and communication are:
Education:
Nowadays, mostly all schools, colleges and universities are giving more emphasis to the computer educating including in their curriculum. In these institutes in addition to live solely. Computer education, computers have become essential for teaching and other subjects as well.
Communication:
Email is a facility supported by computers to send message from one place to another. Email facilitates sending the message from one person to different person by the aid of computer and telephone line.
42) What is software?
®Software is a collection of programs which is used to control, manage and interpret the hardware components of the computer system to accomplish a specific task.
43) Give examples of utility software?
The examples of utility software:
1) Antivirus
2) Disk- defragmenter
44) Write its advantages and disadvantages of machine language.
®The advantages of machine language are:
· The program written in a machine language does not need to be converted.
· A program developed using a machine language becomes extremely fast since no conversion is required.
Its disadvantages are:
· It is machine dependent which means programming codes written for one type of machine are not applicable too another type of machine.
· It is time consuming and tedious task to modify the program written in a machine language.
45) Write advantages and disadvantages of fourth generation language.
®Its advantages are:
· Easy to write programs in comparison to other level of languages.
· Provides a friendly environment and software can be designed in less time.
· Readymade modules, buttons, forms are available.
Its disadvantages are:
· It requires high resources.
· The program cannot be executed in low configuration machines.
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46) What is programming? Differentiate between system programmer and application programmer.
®Programming is a technique to create a program including different steps in an organized way.
The difference between system programmer and application programmer are:
System Programmer
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Application Programmer
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A programmer which writes the program to boot the computer, to control hardware components etc. is
called system programmer.
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Those programmers which designs application programs to fulfill a specific task is called application programmer.
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Device drivers and boot programs are designed by system programmer.
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Mark sheet preparation program and billing system are designed by application programmer.
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The seventh day is called Phulpati which means the “Day of Flowers”. Maha Ashtami or the Great Eight Day or Kala Ratri or the Black Night or the Nawa Ratri follows Phulpati.
On this day I
visited Halumandhoka but it was all destroyed by the recent earthquake.
Similarly, goats and buffaloes are sacrificed in every homes and temples to
please goddess Bhagwati. I also celebrated Phulpati by eating meat in my house
but we didn’t sacrificed goats and buffaloes or anything else because it is not
allowed by our culture. But, our neighbours sacrificed goats. Seeing that, I
was so scared.
The tenth day is
the most important day of all which is also called “Tika Day” or “Vijaya
Dashami”. On this day, I received red rice tika from my elders and lots of
blessings of long live and prosperity by marking Tika on my forehead and Jamara
on my head. Similarly, I also went to my maternal uncle’s and relatives house
for getting blessings. Not only that, I also gave blessings to my younger
brothers. I went to Aashan, Dallu. Balaju and so on for putting Tika.
While visiting to Balaju it became
so difficult for us because of the lack of petrol. Me and my family went there
by walking. We had to walk a long distance just to reach our destiny but also
it became too much fun. It has become one of the memorable moment in my life
which I can’t forget. On that day, I
knew that,“ the Nepalese people are surviving on their own will though they are
facing lots of problem. They are the one who has not gave up till now. They can
face each and every problems and are proud of being Nepalese people.” Despite,
this Dashain didn’t became so effective than the last years Dashain because of the blockade made by India.
During Dashain, I cleaned and washed my house. I
wore new clothes and ate delicious food. I also played swings, cards and flew
kites for fun. I would recall those days.
