CHAPTER 12 (PROGRAMMING CONCEPT)

Question Answers.

a)   What is programming? Differentiate between system programmer and application programmer.

Ø Programming is a technique to create a program including different steps in an organized way.

The differences between system programmer and application                             programmer are:

System Programmer	Application Programmer
The programmer who writes programs to boot the computer to control hardware components is called system programmer.	The programmer who designs application programs to fulfill a specific task is called application programmer.
E.g.: Device driver and boot programs designed by system programmer.	E.g.:  Application programmers design inventory control system, mark sheet preparation program and billing system.

    

b)   Define programming language? Write the types of programming language. 

Ø The language which is used to write programs for the compute is called programming language.

The types of programming language are:

·       Machine Language

·       Assembly Language

·       High-level Language

c)    What is high-level programming language? Write its advantages and disadvantages.

Ø The language which uses common English word for writing program is called high-level programming language.

The advantages of high-level programming language are:

·       They are easy to learn and use.

·       They are machine independent.

·       It is faster to write programs in high-level language.

·       It is easy to write and modify programs written in high-level language.

Similarly, the disadvantages of high-level programming language are:

·       It needs language processor to convert program codes to the machine language.

·       It takes more time to execute the programs.

·       Programs written in high-level language cannot completely control hardware.

           

                          

d)   What is machine-level language? Write its advantages and disadvantages.

Ø The language which is written in the combination of o and 1 is called machine-level language.

The advantages of machine-level language are:

·       The program written in machine language doesn’t need to be converted.

·       Program developed using a machine language becomes extremely fast since no conversion is required.

Similarly, the disadvantages of machine-level language are:

·       It is machine dependent which means the program written for one type of machine are not applicable for another type of machine.

·       It is time consuming and tedious task to modify the program written in machine language.

e)    What are language processors? Write the use of interpreter.

Ø The programs which are used to translate the programming code written in any programming language into machine code are called language processor.

The use of interpreter is to convert each statement of the high-level language to the machine code line by line.

f)    Define assembly language. Write its advantages and disadvantages.

Ø The language which is mnemonic codes for writing programs is called assembly language.

The advantages of assembly language are:

·       It is easy to understand, write and modify program.

·       The program written in assembly language executes faster because it is closer to machine.

Similarly, the disadvantages of assembly language are:

·       It is machine dependent which means the programmer must have the knowledge of hardware.

·       It takes more time to execute than machine code program.

g)   Differentiate between the compiler and interpreter.

Ø The differences between compiler and interpreter are:

Compiler	Interpreter
It is used to translate the program written in the high-level language to the machine code whole program at a time.	It is used to translate a program written in the high-level language to machine code each statement at a time.
It displays all errors at a time, so debugging becomes complex.	It displays each error at a time, so debugging becomes easier.

h)   Define fourth generation language. Write advantages and disadvantages of it.

Ø The languages which are designed to reduce programming efforts, the time it takes to develop software and the cost of software development is called. fourth generation language

The advantages of fourth generation language are:

·       Easy to write programs in comparison to other level of language.

·       Provides a friendly environment and software can be designed in less time.

·       Readymade modules, buttons forms are available.

Similarly, the disadvantages of fourth generation language are:

·       Fourth generation language requires high resources.

·        The program cannot execute in low configuration machines.